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DesignMay 9, 2026|3 min read

Factor of Safety

Factor of Safety is a core engineering term. Definition, usage notes, and a practical example.

Definition

Factor of safety is the ratio of capacity to expected load.

Why it matters

It covers uncertainty, tolerance, material scatter, and service conditions.

How it is used

In a design check, first define the relevant load, dimension, material, or flow condition. Then interpret this term by its role in the formula and compare it with limits.

Basic expression

FoS = Capacity / Demand

Example

If capacity is 3000 N and load is 1000 N, the factor of safety is 3.

Formulas

Basic expression
FoS = Capacity / Demand