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Materials: practical engineering comparison

Filter candidates with one practical property table, then compare up to 3 materials side by side.

Values are typical ranges at room temperature. Heat treatment, supplier standard, and product form can shift results.

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Material	Category	Density (kg/m³)	E (GPa)	Yield (MPa, typical)	Conductivity (W/mK)	Thermal expansion (µm/mK)	Corrosion note
S235JR	Structural steel	7,850	210	235	50	12	Rusts quickly outdoors without coating.
C45 / 1045	Carbon steel	7,850	210	310-450	49	11.5	Surface protection recommended.
42CrMo4	Alloy steel	7,850	210	650-900	42	11.8	Machined surfaces usually need coating.
EN-GJL-250	Cast iron (gray iron)	7,200	110-130	-	46	10.5	Moderate atmospheric corrosion resistance.
EN-GJS-500-7	Ductile iron	7,100	165-175	320	32	11	Coating improves service life.
Al 6061-T6	Aluminum	2,700	69	240-275	167	23.6	Good in general service; check marine exposure.
Al 7075-T6	Aluminum	2,810	71	500-540	130	23.5	Can be sensitive to stress corrosion.
AISI 304	Stainless steel	7,900	193	200-215	16	17.2	Good general corrosion resistance.
AISI 316	Stainless steel	8,000	193	200-205	15	16	Better than 304 in chloride environments.
CuZn39Pb3 (Brass)	Brass	8,470	100	200-350	110	20.5	Good in water systems; caution with ammonia.
CuSn12 (Bronze)	Bronze	8,800	105	250-320	58	17.5	Good wear and marine performance.
POM	Engineering plastic	1,410	2.8-3.2	60-70	0.31	110	Resists many oils and fuels.
PA6	Engineering plastic	1,130	2.0-2.8	45-80	0.25	80-100	Properties shift with moisture absorption.
PTFE	Engineering plastic	2,150	0.4-0.7	15-30	0.25	120-200	Excellent resistance to most chemicals.
NBR	Elastomer	1,000-1,300	0.005-0.02	-	0.2	160-220	Good with oils, weaker against ozone/UV.
EPDM	Elastomer	860-1,200	0.003-0.01	-	0.25	150-210	Strong against water, steam, and weathering.

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