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FluidsMay 9, 2026|3 min read

Hydraulic Diameter

Hydraulic Diameter is a core engineering term. Definition, usage notes, and a practical example.

Definition

Hydraulic diameter represents non-circular sections with an equivalent diameter for flow calculations.

Why it matters

It is used for ducts, rectangular passages, and channel calculations.

How it is used

In a design check, first define the relevant load, dimension, material, or flow condition. Then interpret this term by its role in the formula and compare it with limits.

Basic expression

Hydraulic diameter = 4 x area / wetted perimeter

Example

In a rectangular duct, hydraulic diameter uses area and wetted perimeter.

Formulas

Basic expression
Hydraulic diameter = 4 x area / wetted perimeter